Shimano s low normal derailleurs on which it does the opposite.
New derailleur cable.
The derailleur hanger is a piece of aluminum bolted to your frame that your derailleur is then mounted on.
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Dirt and grit can work their way inside the housing.
If the shifter is mounted on the handlebars you need the first run of cable to be long enough to allow the handlebars to turn fully without pulling on the derailleur cable.
A hanger separates the derailleur from the frame and is designed to bend or break on impact rather than damaging your frame or derailleur.
Make sure that the hanger is visibly straight has no stress marks or nicks and that the threads are not damaged.
Hangers are unique to your frame and it is a good idea to buy a spare when you buy a new frame.
Friction along the shift cable prevents consistent movement of the derailleur as the cable is pulled and released at the shifter.
If the derailleur hanger is damaged the new derailleur will never shift like it should.
If you are replacing an old cable and you re sure the cable was the right length and you don t plan to move the position of the controls or the handlebars you can match the new cable to old.
In brief shimano sram and campagnolo all use different cable pull ratios the amount that a derailleur moves for every millimetre of cable pulled through by the shifter and mixing parts will.
On most derailleurs when the shift lever pulls on the cable the derailleur moves up the cassette to a lower gear.
The cable system is a common place to find issues that cause poor shifting.
You don t have to be a mechanic to replace the rear derailleur cable.